# OSM Acadian Variant Species

Sixty-four species are included in the Acadian Variant model (Table 1). Species excluded were those that exist outside or on the periphery of the natural range of the species (e.g., black walnut, European larch). Of the species included, most have > 500 tree growth observations. A number of genera-level species were included (e.g., PICEA, POPULUS) because this resolution of species information was observed frequently in Acadian forest inventory information. Three broad species (Other Softwood, Other Hardwood, and Unknown) were included to allow non-species specific and rare species in inventory data to be accepted by the model.

USDA Plant Codes are the preferred way to store species information for OSM because these codes are available for nearly all species in North America and are the least likely to change. Species can also be loaded and referenced in commands by using the Acadian Variant’s short-hand species keys.

Maximum projectable tree size constraints for DBH and height (HT), and tree annual increment constraints for DBH (DBHI) and height (HTI). Tree size and increment constraints were originally based on the maximum DBH and HT observed in available data; however this was found to be restrictive in practice. In this version, maximums were increased for most species, sometimes beyond the range of observations, especially for species with few observations. The Acadian model will cap tree growth if the individual growth models attempt to predict tree growth beyond these observed limits. Fatal errors or warnings are thrown by OSM if tree size exceed these thresholds.

Actual number of species with species-level parameters may be less than 25. In many cases, very rare species were included in this list if occurrence and management importance was notable in Maine, PE, NS, or NB. Species with missing parameters are assigned surrogate parameters. Workable surrogates are ordered by species growth similarity (most to least) in the table below for each respective species defined. If species parameters are not defined, then the Variant will check to see if parameters can be copied from the next most suitable surrogate until a set of parameters is set; otherwise an error is thrown. Species with no surrogates listed below are very abundant in the Acadian Region and will always have parameters defined by the various growth, mortality model(s).

Species groups declared by the Acadian Variant during model initialization can be used in OSM commands (Table 2) to reduce coding. Users can add their own species groups as well (see OSM Species Commands).

Table 1. Species defined by the Acadian Variant.

USDA Plant Code | Acadian Variant Key | Maximum | Genus | Species | Common Name | Surrogates
DBH cm | HT m | DBHI cm/yr | HTI m/yr
ABBA | BF | 75 | 28 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Abies | balsamea | balsam fir |
LARIX | LX | 100 | 35 | 1.3 | 1.2 | Larix | spp. | larch spp. | LALA
LALA | TL | 100 | 35 | 1.3 | 1.2 | Larix | laricina | tamarack (native) | LARIX
PICEA | PI | 100 | 35 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Picea | spp. | spruce spp. | PIRU, PIGL, PIMA
PIAB | NS | 100 | 35 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Picea | abies | Norway spruce | PIGL, PICEA, PIRU
PIGL | WS | 100 | 35 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Picea | glauca | white spruce | PICEA, PIRU
PIMA | BS | 75 | 30 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Picea | mariana | black spruce | PICEA, PIRU
PIRU | RS | 100 | 35 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Picea | rubens | red spruce | PICEA, PIMA
PIBA2 | JP | 56 | 35 | 1.3 | 1.2 | Pinus | banksiana | jack pine | PIRE, PIST
PIRE | RP | 100 | 35 | 1.8 | 1.2 | Pinus | resinosa | red pine | PIBA2, PIST
PIRI | PP | 100 | 35 | 1.8 | 1.2 | Pinus | rigida | pitch pine | PIBA2, PIRE
PIST | WP | 150 | 40 | 1.8 | 1.2 | Pinus | strobus | eastern white pine |
PISY | SP | 100 | 35 | 1.8 | 1.2 | Pinus | sylvestris | Scotch pine | PIRE, PIBA2
THOC2 | WC | 100 | 26 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Thuja | occidentalis | northern white-cedar |
TSCA | EH | 101 | 31 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Tsuga | canadensis | eastern hemlock | PIRU
_TE | OS | 101 | 30 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Evergreen | evergreen | Evergreen tree | THOC2
ACNE2 | BE | 25 | 18 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Acer | negundo | boxelder | ACPE, ALNUS, PRVI, ACSP2, AMELA, ACRU
ACPE | ST | 25 | 18 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Acer | pensylvanicum | striped maple | ALNUS, ACSP2, PRVI, AMELA, ACRU
ACRU | RM | 94 | 30 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Acer | rubrum | red maple |
ACSA2 | SV | 94 | 30 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Acer | saccharinum | silver maple | ACRU
ACSA3 | SM | 150 | 34 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Acer | saccharum | sugar maple |
ACSP2 | MM | 25 | 18 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Acer | spicatum | mountain maple | ALNUS, PRVI, AMELA, ACPE, ACRU
ACPL | NM | 94 | 30 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Acer | platanoides | Norway maple | ACRU
ALNUS | AL | 25 | 15 | 0.5 | 1.0 | Alnus | spp. | alder spp. | AMELA, ACSP2, PRVI, ACPE, ACRU
AMELA | SE | 25 | 20 | 0.5 | 1.0 | Amelanchier | spp. | serviceberry spp. | CRATA, ACSP2, ALNUS, PRVI, ACPE,ACRU
BEAL2 | YB | 150 | 30 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Betula | alleghaniensis | yellow birch |
BELE | SB | 150 | 28 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Betula | lenta | sweet birch | BEPA
BEPA | WB | 150 | 28 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Betula | papyrifera | paper birch |
BEPO | GB | 37 | 22 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Betula | populifolia | gray birch | ACPE, PRPE2, BEPA
CACA18 | AH | 50 | 23 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Carpinus | caroliniana | American hornbeam, musclewood | OSVI, QUERC, QURU, ACSA3, ACRU
CARYA | HI | 150 | 30 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Carya | spp. | hickory spp. | CAOV2, QUERC, QURU, ACSA3, ACRU
CAOV2 | SH | 150 | 30 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Carya | ovata | shagbark hickory | CARYA, QUERC, QURU, ACSA3, ACRU
CORNU | DW | 15 | 8 | 0.5 | 1.0 | Cornus | spp. | dogwood spp. | CRATA, AMELA, ACSP2, ALNUS, PRVI, ACPE, ACRU
CRATA | HT | 25 | 15 | 0.5 | 1.0 | Crataegus | spp. | hawthorn spp. | ACSP2, ALNUS, PRVI, ACPE, ACRU
DIVI5 | CP | 25 | 18 | 0.5 | 1.0 | Diospyros | virginiana | common persimmon | CRATA, AMELA, ACSP2, ALNUS, PRVI, ACPE, ACRU
FAGR | AB | 150 | 30 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Fagus | grandifolia | American beech | QUERC, QURU, ACSA3, ACRU
FRAXI | AS | 150 | 30 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Fraxinus | spp. | ash spp. | FRAM2, POPUL, POTR5
FRAM2 | WA | 150 | 30 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Fraxinus | americana | white ash | FRAXI, FRAM2, POPUL, POTR5
FRNI | BA | 44 | 25 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Fraxinus | nigra | black ash | PRPE2, FRAXI, FRAM2, POPUL, POTR5
FRPE | GA | 150 | 30 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Fraxinus | pennsylvanica | green ash | FRAXI, FRAM2, POPUL, POTR5
JUCI | BN | 100 | 25 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Juglans | cinerea | butternut | ULMUS, FRAM2, FRAXI, POPUL, POTR5
MALUS | AP | 70 | 15 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Malus | spp. | apple spp. | SOAM3, ALNUS, FRNI, ACPE, ACSP2, ACRU
OSVI | HH | 50 | 23 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Ostrya | virginiana | eastern hophornbeam | CACA18, QUERC, QURU, ACSA3, ACRU
POPUL | PO | 150 | 35 | 1.3 | 1.2 | Populus | spp. | cottonwood and poplar spp. | POPUL, POTR5
POBA2 | BP | 150 | 35 | 1.3 | 1.2 | Populus | balsamifera | balsam poplar | POPUL, POTR5
PODE3 | EC | 150 | 35 | 1.3 | 1.2 | Populus | deltoides | eastern cottonwood | POPUL, POTR5
POGR4 | BT | 150 | 35 | 1.3 | 1.2 | Populus | grandidentata | bigtooth aspen | POPUL, POTR5
POTR5 | QA | 150 | 35 | 1.3 | 1.2 | Populus | tremuloides | quaking aspen | POPUL
PRPE2 | PR | 32 | 20 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Prunus | pensylvanica | pin cherry | PRSE2, ACPE, ALNUS, FRNI, ACPE, ACSP2, ACRU
PRSE2 | BC | 60 | 30 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Prunus | serotina | black cherry | PRPE2, FRAM2, FRAXI, POPUL, POTR5
PRVI | CC | 30 | 20 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Prunus | virginiana | chokecherry | ALNUS, ACSP2, FRNI, ACPE, BEPO, ACRU
QUERC | OK | 150 | 30 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Quercus | spp. | oak spp | QUERC, QURU, ACSA3, ACRU
QUAL | WO | 150 | 30 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Quercus | alba | white oak | QUERC, QURU, ACSA3, ACRU
QUMA2 | BR | 150 | 30 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Quercus | macrocarpa | bur oak | QUERC, QURU, ACSA3, ACRU
QURU | RO | 150 | 30 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Quercus | rubra | northern red oak | QUERC, ACSA3, ACRU
QUVE | BO | 150 | 30 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Quercus | velutina | black oak | QUERC, QURU, ACSA3, ACRU
SALIX | WL | 150 | 20 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Salix | spp. | willow spp. | SANI, ULMUS, FRAM2, FRAXI, POPUL,POTR5
SANI | BL | 150 | 20 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Salix | nigra | black willow | SALIX, ULMUS, FRAM2, FRAXI, POPUL, POTR5
SOAM3 | MA | 50 | 18 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Sorbus | americana | American mountain-ash | MALUS, FRNI, ACPE, ACRU
TIAM | BW | 200 | 30 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Tilia | americana | American basswood | QURU, QUERC, ACRU
ULMUS | EL | 200 | 35 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Ulmus | spp. | elm spp. | ULAM, FRAM2, FRAXI, POPUL, POTR5
ULAM | AE | 200 | 35 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Ulmus | americana | American elm | ULMUS, FRAM2, FRAXI, POPUL, POTR5
_TB | OH | 150 | 30 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Broadleaf | Broadleaf | Broadleaf tree | QURU, QUERC, OSVI, ACRU
_TREE | XX | 50 | 18 | 1.3 | 1.0 | Tree | Unknown | Unknown tree | ACSP2, ALNUS, AMELA, ACPE, PRVI,BEPO, ACRU

Table 2. Species groups defined by the Acadian Variant.

GROUP | SPECIES
SpruceSpecies | PICEA, PIRU, PIMA, PIGL, PIAB
LarchSpecies | LARIX, LALA
PineSpecies | PIBA2, PIRE, PIRI, PIST, PISY
MapleSpecies | ACNE2, ACPE, ACRU, ACSP2, ACSA2, ACSA3, ACPL
BirchSpecies | BEAL2, BELE, BEPA, BEPO
IronwoodSpecies | CACA18, OSVI
HickorySpecies | CARYA, CAOV2
AshSpecies | FRAXI, FRAM2, FRNI, FRPE
PoplarSpecies | POPUL, POBA2, POGR4, PODE3, POTR5
CherrySpecies | PRPE2, PRSE2, PRVI
OakSpecies | QUERC, QUAL, QUMA2, QURU, QUVE
WillowSpecies | SALIX, SANI
ElmSpecies | ULMUS, ALNUS